Art by Henri Matisse

Late in life, after major surgery left Matisse largely confined to bed and a wheelchair and unable to hold a paintbrush comfortably, he shifted almost entirely to a new medium: cutting shapes directly out of paper painted in flat, saturated gouache, then arranging them, sometimes with the help of assistants using long poles, into large compositions like the Blue Nude series. Around the same time he took on and completed the Chapel of the Rosary in Vence, France, designing not just the stained glass and murals but the priests' vestments and altar furniture, calling it, despite being a lifelong agnostic, the culmination of his entire career. He'd started decades earlier as a founding figure of Fauvism, known for jarring, non-naturalistic color used purely for emotional effect.